Directions 13

Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1. describe the picture,

2. point out the reasons for this phenomenon,and

3. suggest possible solutions.

You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

审题：

我们拿到题目后，首先要分析图画和提纲所构成的语境。对于全体考生来说，一个图画可能有不止一种含义，不同的写法都是可行的，都可能得高分，如2004年考研作文“温室里的花朵经不起风雨”就既可写孩子教育问题，也可以写入世后的部分中国企业的情况。但是对有些图画来说，有的理解就肯定是错误的，如2005年的考研，写成老年人加强体育锻炼的问题，就是不行的。对于大家来说，一定要加强审题的能力，平时多多想，考试中就会水到渠成。

这篇文章分为三段。第一段是描述图画，第二段在引入主题后。

Sample:

In the above picture, a mother is seeing her son off at a railway station. It is most likely that the son is traveling by himself for the first time. We are most surprised to notice what the mother says: “My son, all of the people on the train are vicious, so be careful to protect yourself.”

Although this mother is radical to some extent, this picture reflects a worrying social problem—loss of social trust. Three reasons, in my belief, can account for the current phenomenon. First, when economy develops quickly and resources become more and more limited, social competition will become more and more fierce, and people will concentrate on the protection of personal interests. Second, the present education puts emphasis on knowledge and skills instead of morality and ethics. Last but not the least, sometimes the mass media play a negative role in focusing on the dark side of society, such as murder and robbery.

It is high time that we called on the efforts from all sides to solve this problem quickly and effectively. In the first place, teachers and parents should try their best to cultivate love, affection and unselfishness in the hearts of adolescents. In the second place, the government, with the help of the mass media, should play a dominant role in the making of a harmonious society. When every one of us participates in this campaign, the restoration of mutual trust will not be far away.

点评：

这篇文章首段先描述图画，第二段开头了一个关键性的工作——定本文章的主题。这个主题是由图画所决定的，也是根据提纲展开文章的基础。然后分三点来说明该问题的原因。第三段分两点来说明解决问题的办法。

心得：

文章没有第四段，这主要是由于第三段的最后一句带有结论性，是个非常成功的句子，亦可以写成：

When every one of us participates in this campaign, the dream of the restoration of mutual trust will be realized in the near future.

Directions 14

Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1. describe the picture,

2. point out the reasons for this phenomenon,and

3. suggest possible solutions.

You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

审题：

我们看了图画与提纲之后，对于这种文章的结构已经非常熟悉了。文章分为四段来写，描述图画——说明原因——提出解决办法——下结论。

Sample:

In the above picture, a student has got 68 in an examination, but he asks the teacher to give him 80, for he wants to get the title of an excellent student. Looking at the picture, we can’t help thinking of the more and more serious phenomenon of students’ going to the teacher directly for higher grades.

Schools are places where students learn knowledge and acquire skills, but some students never devote themselves to such an arduous yet enjoyable process. When the examination season arrives, they are busy searching for various methods to get satisfactory grades. Some stay up late to memorize as much knowledge as possible. Some even cheat in examinations in order to win ideal marks. Others go directly to the teachers, begging them to let them pass. In extreme cases, some students tell the teachers directly that they need a certain mark for a certain purpose.

Such practices deprive national education of fairness and dignity. To prevent them from spreading, teachers should first of all take on their responsibilities. They should reject such students firmly and directly. If the students continue disturbing them with their unreasonable requests, the teachers should report to the school authorities. On this occasion, the school authorities should severely punish these students and those who help them in the efforts.

If young students are used to achieving personal goals through unjust methods, when can we stop worrying about their future?

点评：

文章的第一段，由于一句话就描述了图表，所以第二句话可以对这个现象进行小结。而最后一段是总结性的段落，这一段只有一句话，采用了条件状语从句加反问句的模式，给人留下了非常深刻的印象。此段话还将第一段第二句话的小结做了进一步提炼，总结是“以不当的方法来达到个人目的”，相当准确。

原因段落和办法段落均没有采用最常见的分两点或三点来说的方法。第二段写原因，前两句描述一些学生不好好学习，一到考试的时候就找各种各样的方法来得到满意的分数。而后采用排比句分成几类学生来写。最后一句话是聚焦第三类学生，进一步来说明——在某些极端的情况下，有些学生直接告诉老师自己需要多少分，以达到某个目的。

第三段首句一针见血地点出了这种做法的危害。而后将重点落在教师身上，具体讲教师该怎么做。之后补充写了校方的正确做法。

心得：

首先对于图画的小结（总结出寓意或主题）可以放在第一段后或第二段开头。

原因段落和办法段落均可以不采用传统的分类法，而采用层层递进的方法来写。

最后一段使用了由条件状语从句和疑问句构成的经典复合句做结，还要给人留下了深刻的印象。